ASSESSMENT OF COMMON WHEAT QUALITY IN ROMANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE-minireview
Valeria Gagiu, Elena Mateescu, Nastasia Belc
Abstract The study aimed to assess common wheat quality in Romania in the context of climate change to identify adaptation measures and ensure the sustainability of the agri-food system. The negative effects of extreme weather events on cereals are manifested starting from the field by affecting the quantitative and qualitative crop indicators, which leads to the decrease of the trade indicators and, therefore to a potential threat for regional agri- food suppliers. The research put a special emphasis on common wheat grown in agricultural regions with a high risk of contamination with the fungi Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Scientific results will contribute to raising awareness of the climate change effects on the agri-food chain by beneficiaries in scientific research, agricultural production, trade and regulatory authorities. Scientific data are inputs for future projects on the use of artificial intelligence in agriculture and the establishment and/or updating of the risk envelope in the agri-food sector.
Keywords: wheat indicators, bread wheat quality, risk assessment, climate change
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THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FUSARIUM SPP. AND DEOXYNIVALENOL CONTAMINATION IN WHEAT IN THE MILLING-BAKERY SECTOR - minireview
Valeria Gagiu, Elena Mateescu, Nastasia Belc
Abstract: Climate change affects the quantity and quality of wheat harvests with effects on food safety and security. Consequently, companies must develop and implement appropriate strategies, starting with the acquisition of grains and continuing with the reception, milling of grains and processing of intermediate products, storage and distribution-trade of final products. This research addresses the impact of climate change on the milling-bakery sector in which the optimization of classic and modern technologies will strengthen the economic advantages of companies.
Key words:wheat, toxigenic fungi, optimization of milling technology, climate change
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EVALUATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC ACTIVITY OF AN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS ISOLATED FROM POTATO
Mihaela Monica Dinu, Ana Cristina Fătu, Sorina Dinu, Narcisa Băbeanu
Abstract:This study aimed to evaluate the entomopathogenic activity of an endophytic fungal isolate from potato leaves for biological pest control. The isolate S1EnP2023, maintained in the RDIPP Bucharest Collection of entomopathogenic microorganisms, was identified as Beauveria bassiana (Bals. - Criv.) Vuill. Laboratory bioassays investigated its pathogenicity and virulence against the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, L). The influence of different conidial suspension concentrations on insect mortality was evaluated. The highest mortality of T. molitor was observed at a concentration of 10⁸ conidia/ml. These results demonstrate the entomopathogenic potential of the B.bassiana. isolate and suggest 10⁸ conidia/ml as a promising concentration for further investigation.
Key words:endophytic, entomopathogenic, Bassiana, potato, Tenebrio
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WEED CONTROL-AN ESSENTIAL TECHNOLOGICAL STEP IN SPRING BARLEY CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
Felicia CHEŢAN, Cornel CHEŢAN, Teodor RUSU, Ioan GAGA, Alina ȘIMON, Ioana CRIȘAN, Florin RUSSU
Abstract: Spring barley is sensitive to weeding especially in the early stages of vegetation (sprouting-flowering-first internode), in the absence of effective crop maintenance measures it loses out in weeds fight and yield is considerably reduced. The research carried out at Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda in the years 2022 and 2023 aimed to know the dependence of technological factors and climatic conditions on the culture and yield of spring barley. The predominant weeds in the crop were dicotyledonous species. Control was carried out with 0.12 l/ha product based on amidosulfuron 100 g/l + iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 25 g/l + mefenpyr diethyl 250 g/l (safener) + 0.6 l/ha product based on 2,4 D acid from DMA salt. The results showed the effectiveness of weed control treatments and the suitability of spring barley for no-tillage system, with yields exceeding 5000 kg/ha in both experimental years.
Key words: spring barley, weeds, clime, yield
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RESULTS ON THE DETERMINATIONS OF THE HONEY POTENTIAL OF BUCKWHEAT FLOWERS FROM THE CORNETU BEE
Mirela Drăgan, Silvana Mihaela Dănăilă-Guidea, Gabriela-Lucia Mărgărit, Ștefana Jurcoane
Abstract. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a pseudocereal species that can be successfully cultivated in various climatic zones, including in Romania. Buckwheat is a valuable crop for Romania, both for its edible seeds with special nutritional properties, and for its contribution to the production of honey from organic crops. The present study describes the results obtained during the monitoring of a cover crop with buckwheat plants, established in a stationary apiary in Cornetu commune (in the southwest of Ilfov county, Romania). Experiments were carried out in order to identify some schemes with land cover plants and their valorization for the sustainable development of honey crops and later incorporation by mechanical plowing in the field, after the October 2023 flowering period. The establishment of the culture was carried out in June, and the determinations regarding the nectariferous potential of buckwheat were carried out during the flowering period of August 2023. In the case of determining the nectariferous potential of buckwheat, the capillary method was used, as the direct method for dosing nectar. The results obtained from the quantitative (mg/flower) and qualitative (% sugar) determinations of the nectar secretion accumulated in 24 hours in 50 flowers/inflorescence served to establish the honey production per unit of surface. Thus, on the one hand, the amount of sugar in mg/flower was obtained, and on the other hand, the evaluation of the number of flowers per hectare. The values determined by the glycemic index for the nectar of buckwheat flowers varied from 0.1 mg/flower to 0.25 mg/flower between reference hours 9 and 18. The present paper integrates both the proposals and the development objectives proposed to the partners involved in the project (beekeepers and farmers but also the rural society), as well as the results of our own research on the territory of the basic apiary in order to ensure the territorial balance.
Keywords: buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) sustainable agricultural practices, honeydew plant.
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RESEARCH ON THE SELECTIVITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HERBICIDE ISOXAFLUTOLE + CYPROSULFAMIDE IN THE CHICKPEA CROP IN THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MOARA DOMNEASCĂ
Valentin-Marius Ciontu, Marga Grădilă, Daniel Jalobă, Raluca Monica Cristea, Mihai Gîdea
Abstract: Chickpea is a small plant with a slow growth rate in its young growth phase, so it gives weeds the opportunity to take over its nutritional spectrum easely. In order to evaluate the effects of the herbicide isoxaflutole 240g/l + cyprosulfamide 240g/l (safener) on weed control in chickpea fields, the experiment was located at Moara Domnească in 2023 in randomised blocks in 4 replicates. The treatments included application of the herbicide in different doses and different times of crop vegetation in pre-emergence, early post-emergence (at 8-10 cm tall) and post-emergence (at 16-18 cm tall). The determination of weeds in the untreated version was done as persentage of soil coverage when the chickpea was around 8-10 cm tall. Acording to the results, the best yields were obtained when the herbicide was applied post-emergent at the rate of 0.18 l/ha when the crop was around 8-10 cm and pre-emergent at the rates of 0.3 and 0.2 for which yields between 1364 and 1325 kg/ha were obtained. The most severe forms of phytotoxicity that prevented the chickpea crop were present when the herbicide was applied at a rate of 0.18 and 0.36 l/ha when the chickpea was 16-18 cm tall and at the rate of 0.36 l/ha when the chickpea was 8-10 cm tall, with EWRS scores ranging from 2 to 5.
Keywords: chickpea, herbicide, selectivity, yield.
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IN VITRO ANTAGONIST ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS SPP. STRAINS AGAINST BOTRYTIS CINEREA IN STRAWBERRY CROP
Maria - Cristina Lumînare, Oana - Alina Boiu - Sicuia, Daniel Nicolae Cojanu, Lavinia - Diana – Nicoleta Buturugă - Barbu, Stelica Cristea
Abstract. The in vitro antagonistic activity of ten beneficial bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis (LC14), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (LC13), Bacillus cereus/thuringiensis (LC1, LC2, LC4, LC5 and LC8), Bacillus safensis (LC7), Paenibacillus castaneae (LC6) and Paenibacillus lautus (LC3), against the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mold in strawberry crops, was investigated. The ability of Bacillus spp. strains to inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea was determined using a dual culture method and radial growth was measured at intervals of 5, 10, 15, and 18 days. The results showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (LC13) and Bacillus subtilis (LC14) were effective in suppressing the vegetative growth of Botrytis cinerea, while the other Bacillus spp. strains, as well as Paenibacillus castaneae (LC6) and Paenibacillus lautus (LC3), did not affect the growth of the fungus. These findings demonstrate the potential of specific strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (LC13) and Bacillus subtilis (LC14) to act as efficient biocontrol agents against Botrytis cinerea in strawberry crops. Further studies should focus on field trials to assess the practical application of these beneficial bacteria in controlling grey mold.
Key words: Bacillus subtilis, Botrytis cinerea, antagonism, strawberry
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INFLUENCE OF SOWING TIME ON THE OCCURRENCE OF ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT, RUST AND BROOMRAPE ON SUNFLOWER
Ioan Radu, Lorena-Roxana Gurău
Abstract: The occurrence of Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria helianthi), rust (Puccinia helianthi) and broomrape (Orobanche cumana) on six sunflower hybrids were assessed to notice the effect of sowing time (ST). ST was set taking into account the Celsius degrees at the soil depth of 7 cm: ST1 at 5oC, ST2 at 7oC and ST3 at 9oC. The research was performed in the field experiments in Tulcea county in 2021 under rainfed conditions. Observations on the attack intensity (% of the leaves area) have done after the flowering period for A. helianthi and P. helianthi while for O. cumana the damage was estimated by calculating attack frequency at ripening. Similar results were obtained at the attack of A. helianthi for ST1 and ST2 while at ST3 the intensity was lower. The attack of P. helianthi increased upon the sowing delay. The attack of O. cumana was influenced by the resistance of the hybrid and not by the ST.
Key words: sunflower, fungal diseases, broomrape, sowing time
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CURRENT APPROACHES TO PREVENTION AND INTEGRATED PEST CONTROL ON MAIZE CROP IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE – mini review
Andrei CHIRILOAIE-PALADE*, Raluca-Gabriela GEORGESCU
Abstract: Maize is a staple crop that plays a key role in global food security. It is a primary source of food for millions of people and provides essential raw materials for various industries, including animal feed and biofuel production. However, maize cultivation faces increasing challenges in the 21st century, in particular the negative impact of climate change. As our planet undergoes rapid climate change, the agricultural sector must adapt to ensure consistent and sustainable maize production. One of the critical challenges posed by climate change is the proliferation of pests that threaten maize crops. Rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and shifting ecological balances create favorable conditions for pests, allowing them to develop and evolve at an alarming rate. These changes not only compromise the quality and quantity of maize crops, but also increase dependence on plant protection treatments, which can have harmful effects on the environment and human health.
Keywords: climate change, integrated pest management, maize
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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME BACTERIAL STRAINS FROM DIPTERAN LARVAE
Daniel-Nicolae Cojanu, Oana-Alina, Boiu-Sicuia, Maria-Cristina Lumînare, Ana-Cristina Fătu, Lavinia Diana Barbu-Buturugă, Călina Petruța Cornea
Abstract: The isolation of agronomically beneficial bacteria usually involve the collection of samples from various natural sources, followed by the subsequent use of selective culture techniques. This is not always a straightforward process, due to various reasons, including their reduce concentration level in nature, the difficulty of separating them from the consortia in which they are naturally integrated in the environment, the overgrowth of other competing microorganisms, or even their fastidious way of in vitro multiplication. The aim of this work was to identify six bacterial strains that could have potential biotechnological applications, either as agro-inoculants or in environmental protection. These bacterial strains, named LvD1, LvD2, LvD3, LvD4, LvD5, and LvD6 were isolated from dead larvae of Calliphora vomitoria. Their identification at specie level was made based on their physiological profile using Biolog GEN III technique. The LvD1 strains, was identified as Acinetobacter guillouiae, a bacterial species highly valuable in bioremediation and biocontrol. Another strain, LvD3 was identified as Proteus mirabilis, a bacterial species mentioned as biocontrol agent, as well as a plant growth promoter, while LvD4 was identified as Enterococcus faecalis, another bacterial species with plant growth promoting features. However, complementary studies are needed to evaluate the activity of these strains and their attributes in biotechnological processes.
Keywords: bacteria, Calliphora vomitoria, fly larvae, phenotypic identification, plant growth promotion
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THE CONTROL OF BLACK ROT Guignardia bidwelli –A DANGEROUS FUNGAL DISEASE OF GRAPEVINE
Marian Lixandru, Sergiu Fendrihan
Abstract: This pathogen, which are producing the black rot of grapevine Guignardia bidwelii (Ellis) Viala and Ravaz, and its anamorph Phyllosticta ampelicida (Engelman) van der Aa, is an ascomycete fungus that is responsible for about 5 to 80% production losses in grapevine cultures, although it is less frequent than other fungal diseases from this crop. In the present work, we review the problems related to this pathogen, its life cycle, virulence factors and mode of action, and especially the prevention of the infection and ways to control it, its spread in the world and in our country, We discuss practical considerations for control methods of the black rot, agrotechnical methods, genetical methods, chemical (fungicides, natural products the use of plant resistance stimulators), and biological control.
Key words: black rot, Guignardia bidwelii, Phyllosticta ampelicida, prevention of infection, control methods
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EFFECT OF THE SOWING SEASON AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON WEEDS IN SOYBEAN CROP
Alina ȘIMON, Raluca REZI, Camelia URDĂ, Marius BĂRDAȘ, Adrian CECLAN, Florin RUSSU, Felicia CHEȚAN, Alin POPA
Abstract: Weed competition for water, light and nutrients can cause yield losses of up to 80-90% if effective weed reduction measures are not taken in the soybean crop. Research on the influence of sowing time on the degree of weeding of soybeans was carried out at the Turda Agricultural Research and Development Station, during 2021- 2023. The dominant dicotyledonous species were Chenopodium album, Hibiscus trionum, Polygonum convolvulus, Xanthium strumarium, and for the monocotyledonous species Setaria glauca and Echinochloa crus-galli were identified, both in the first and the second sowing season, the difference between the two sowing season being given by the total number of species and the number of weeds identified per plot. The soybean crop was removed from weeds by the two swaths, and the plant was re-weeded with the same species as in the spring after the flowering period. Weeds that appeared during the latter part of the soybean growing season did not cause any significant harm to the crop. The number of weeds per plot and soybean yield were influenced by the sowing season and climatic conditions. The best outcome was achieved when soybeans were sown during the first season.
Keywords: weeds, sowing season, yield, soybean
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IMPORTANT ARTHROPOD PESTS ON ORNAMENTAL MARIGOLD (TAGETES PATULA NANA) IN SOUTHERN ROMANIAN GREENHOUSES
Ana – Maria VÎRTEIU, Ramona ȘTEF, Codruța CHIȘ, Ioana GROZEA
Abstract: Marigolds (Tagetes spp.) are among the most popular annual plants, decorative by flowers, belonging to the Asteraceae family, native to North and South America. It is cultivated mainly for ornamental and medicinal purposes, since in the last period of time it has been cultivated on increasingly large areas as a trap plant in organic farming and in the polyculture system. This paper aims to identify the major arthropod fauna present on this ornamental plant, in a greenhouse from Mehedinți County, in the year 2022, the period before commercialization. The experimental field was located at a greenhouse in the Pristol area, Mehedinți County. Three varieties were used in the experiment: Delia, Flacăra and Bonita mix. The biological material was collected with the help of direct observation method and shaking method. In the year 2022, a total number of 271 specimens of insects and mites were collected from the marigold crop located in the Pristol greenhouse, of which the highest numbers of specimens, 104, were being registered with the Bonita Mix variety. Analyzing the evolution of arthropod pest species, it can be highlighted that the largest number of specimens belonged to the Tetranychus urticae species - 100 specimens, of which the most (41) were collected from the Bonita Mix variety and the fewest (25) from Delia.
Keywords: arthropod, pests, Tagetes patula var. nana, greenhouse
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOME BACTERIAL STRAINS ON THE GERMINATION OF GREEN SORREL SEEDS (RUMEX ACETOSA L.)
Lavinia-Diana-Nicoleta BUTURUGĂ-BARBU, Cristina Maria LUMÂNARE, Daniel-Nicolae COJANU, Sorina DINU, Oana-Alina BOIU-SICUIA, Narcisa BĂBEANU
Abstract. Sorrel is a versatile herbaceous plant, present in the spontaneous flora of Romania. It is valued for its leaves with a sour taste and is used in various culinary preparations. Currently, the species is appreciated for the production of "microgreens" type seedlings. Despite its recent popularity, sorrel is a difficult plant to grow, not because of its special nutritional requirements, but because of the limited ability of the seeds to germinate. The present study brings to attention the beneficial traits of seed treatments, with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). The aim of such seed treatments was to improve the germination capacity of green sorrel seeds and establish the optimal inoculum concentration. The seed treatment was applied by immersion, in three different concentrations: 107, 108, and 109 cfu/ml respectively. Two bacterial strains were tested as inoculants, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OS17 strain and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum DSM5892 reference strain. Plants were analyzed four weeks after germination to determine fresh and dry weight, number of true leaves, and root length. Both tested bacterial strains, B. amyloliquefaciens OS17 and P. myrsinacearum DSM5892 improved sorrel seed germination and stimulated seedling growth. Best results were obtained using 109 cfu/ml inoculant. The seed treatment with P. myrsinacearum DSM5892, at 109 cfu/ml, registered the highest number of true leaves and roots length. The beneficial effects of this seed treatment were also highlighted by the increase in plant fresh and dry weight.
Keywords: bacteria, green sorrel, germination, growth promotion, seed inoculation
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ASSESSMENT OF THE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL COMMUNITY OF THE SPECIES CICHORIUM INTYBUS AND XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM
Lorena-Roxana Gurău, Ioan Radu, Daniel Jalobă, Andreea Coșoveanu, Leonard Ilie
Abstract. Hydrocarbon polluted agricultural areas contain spontaneous plants possibly involved in the soil bioremediation process. This study highlights the diversity of the endophyte microfungal community of Cichorium intybus and Xanthium strumarium, the dominant plant species in a hydrocarbon- contaminated area in the Prahova region, in September 2020. Plants release organic compounds through roots, which increase the density, diversity and activity of specific microorganisms that in turn degrade hydrocarbons. For the isolation of endophyte fungi, fragments of roots were used, the plant organ being sectioned in the basal, median and apical area. The nutrient medium (PDA) was fined with diesel and motor oil to 1 mg/l. There were obtained 92 endophyte fungal strains, which following the observation procedures of morphological similarity, namely elements of shape, texture and color of the colonies, as well as mycelium and spores under the microscope, 39 different morphologically different strains resulted. To partially characterize the ecological aspects of the endophyte fungal communities in the two plants, from two locations contaminated with hydrocarbons, considering three root areas, Margalef diversity indices, Shannon, Simpson's dominance and frequency of colonization were used. The diversity expressed by the Shannon index indicated a superior net value for the endophyte fungal communities of C. intybus (Shannon_H= 3.0) compared to X. strumarium (Shannon_H= 2.0). The same host plant, C. intybus, was also noted for the richness of the species, the value of the Margalef index being 6.6, compared to X. strumarium, where the index had a value of 2.9. The dominance of endophyte fungal communities showed similar values in both plants. These preliminary results point to a higher diversity of endophyte fungal communities in the host species Cichorium intybus, colonized by the highest number of different organizational taxonomic units (OTUs) compared to the other host plant Xanthium strumarium (i.e 28 versus 11).
Keywords: endophytic fungi diversity, bioremediation, spontaneous flora
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THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ART ON THE DIETS USED FOR REARING OF APHIDOPHAGOUS PREDATORS OF THE COCCINELLIDAE FAMILY- A MINI-REVIEW
Raluca Gabriela Georgescu, Mădălina Rădulea, Ionuț Cristian Popa, Andrei Chiriloaie-Palade, Maria Iamandei
Abstract: Biological control of plant pests using natural enemies is nowadays considered a viable alternative method to chemical control. There are numerous naturally occurring bio-control agents that can be selected for rearing and used to control agricultural pests. The study brings up to date the knowledge regarding the species of aphidophagous species in the Coccinellidae family already known as Biological Control Agents reared/commercially available or used in various pest control program worldwide. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of existing rearing methods, we reviewed a variety of research papers and specialized literature that investigated various approaches, including reliance on natural hosts, artificial diets, factitious hosts or combination of them. Also, we pointed out the existing research challenges, and outlines directions for research in Coccinellidae rearing programs.
Keywords: Biological control agents, aphidophagous Coccinellidae, predators, mass-rearing, diets
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THE NORWAY MAPLE APHID - PERIPHYLLUS LYROPICTUS (KESSLER) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) REDISCOVERED IN BĂNEASA- BUCUREȘTI AREA (SOUTH ROMANIA)
Constantina Chireceanu, Andrei Teodoru
Abstract: The paper reports the rediscovery of the aphid Periphyllus lyropictus on the Norway maple Acer platanoides in northern part of Bucharest (Băneasa area) in southern Romania, after more than 50 years from the first record of the species in this zone. Aphid colonies varying in size, consisting of apterous forms in various instars, and mixed colonies of wingless and winged morphs were recorded on the lower and upper sides of the Norway maple leaves throughout the season. Parasitized aphids were observed in autumn. Parasitoid specimens emerged by rearing in the laboratory were assigned to the genus Trioxys. We consider that P. lyropictus is widespread in the country, mainly in association with the Norway maple, and assume that it went unnoticed for a long period after the 70s.
Key words: Periphyllus lyropictus, Acer platanoides, Băneasa - București
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CURRENT KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE SOIL PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL OPTIONS IN MAIZE CROPS FROM SOUTHERN ROMANIA
Raluca Gabriela Georgescu, Ionuț Cristian Popa, Mădălina Rădulea, Andrei Chiriloaie-Palade, Maria Iamandei*
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.01
Abstract:
With an annual cultivated surface of 2.2 to 2.7 million hectares, maize is the most important cereal crop in Romania, followed by wheat and barley. Yields of maize crops have considerably fluctuation between years, mainly due to abiotic factors like drought and biotic factors represented by pest insects. Maize is attacked by a large number of arthropods, the southern area of Romania being particularly affected by the attack of some harmful species such as Tanymecus dilaticollis, Opatrum sabulosum and different complexes of wireworms that can compromise crops, on large areas, from the first stages of crop vegetation. The paper reviews the recent literature on general distribution and economic importance of main soil-dwelling pests in relation to maize production. Also, control methods that can be used for their integrated management are discussed.
Key words: soil pests, maize crops, IPM, biological control
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POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MAIZE PEST SPECIES IN AN AGROECOSYSTEM WITH AGROFORESTRY SHELTERBELTS IN THE TRANSYLVANIAN PLATEAU
Adina Tărău, Camelia Urdă, Ana-Maria Vălean, Laura Şopterean, Loredana Suciu, Florin Russu, Nicolae Tritean, Daniela Trifan
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.02
Abstract: This study evaluated the abundance and flight dynamics of major maize pests within an agroecosystem protected by agroforestry shelterbelts in the Transylvanian Plateau. Monitoring was carried out from May to September 2024 at the Cean–Bolduț farm (Cluj County), using species-specific pheromone traps for Ostrinia nubilalis, Agrotis segetum, Helicoverpa armigera, and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Climatic parameters were recorded to assess their influence on pest activity. Diabrotica virgifera virgifera was the species with the highest abundance, recording 674 captured adults, an average of 61.3 adults per trap, and the peak in flight activity in late July. It was also the only species showing a statistically significant correlation with minimum temperature (r = 0.48, p < 0.05). The other species exhibited moderate to low abundances and showed no significant associations with climatic variables. These findings highlight Diabrotica v. virgifera as the primary pest threat in agroecosystems with shelterbelts and emphasize the need for targeted monitoring.
Keywords: agroforestry shelterbelts, maize pests, pheromone monitoring, abundance, climatic variables.
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THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF DISEASES AND PESTS ON SPRING CEREALS, IN THE TRANSYLVANIAN PLATEAU
Felicia CHEȚAN, Adina TĂRĂU, Ana-Maria VĂLEAN, Laura ȘOPTEREAN, Alina ȘIMON, Camelia URDĂ, Roxana CĂLUGĂR, Cornel CHEȚAN, Teodor RUSU, Loredana SUCIU
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.03
Abstract. In recent years, spring straw crops have expanded due to the increasing variability of autumn weather, which affects germination and emergence, while spring generally provides sufficient moisture for proper cereal development. Another advantage of these crops is their productivity, often comparable to or even higher than that of autumn crops. Research carried out at the Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Turda, between 2023 and 2025, examined the influence of four soil tillage systems (plowing, minimum tillage with chisel, minimum tillage with disc, and no-tillage) on the occurrence of diseases and pests in three spring cereal species (wheat, oat, barley), within a split-plot experiment with two replications. Basic fertilization (300 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15) was applied at sowing. Phytosanitary assessments conducted at stem elongation and flowering aimed to identify the main diseases and to estimate the frequency and intensity of attacks. Pest monitoring was performed through 100 double sweep-net samples every 10 days, from the booting stage until two weeks before harvest. Chemical treatments and plowing systems significantly reduced disease and pest pressure; however, a higher number of harmful organisms was recorded in the no-tillage system due to the presence of plant residues that favor their development cycle.
Key words: tillage system, disease, pest, spring cereals
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AUCHENORRHYNCHA STRUCTURE IN AN EXPERIMENTAL TOMATO CROP AT VRDS BUZĂU, ROMANIA
Andrei Teodoru, Ștefan-Daniel Cristea, Gabriela Maria Pârvu, Traian Manole, Constantina Chireceanu
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.04
Abstract: A study of Auchenorrhyncha fauna was conducted in 2024 and 2025 in an experimental field of tomatoes at the Vegetables Research and Development Station Buzău, Buzau County, southern Romania. A total of 6555 specimens distributed in 21 species were collected, 1179 (17.99%) in 2024 and 5376 (82.01%) in 2025. Cicadellidae family was the most numerous and diverse, 1177 specimens classified in 11 species in 2024 and 5357 specimens classified in 14 species in 2025, represented mainly by two subfamilies, Typhlocybinae (1094 specimens, 7 species in 2024 and 4398 specimens, 5 species in 2025) and Deltocephalinae (83 specimens and 4 species in 2024 and 924 specimens, 6 species in 2025). The collected species were classified as species producing direct damage (Megophthalmus scanicus, Eupteryx aurata, Zygina flammigera, Zyginidia pullula, Zyginella pulchra, Erasmoneura vulnerata, Edwardsiana rosae, Phlepsius ornatus, Platymetopius rostratus and Platymetopius major) and as species confirmed or potential reported vectors to spread pathogens to plants such as phytoplasmas and viruses, mainly to vegetables (Hyalesthes obsoletus, Reptalus quinquecostatus, Laodelphax striatellus, Austroagallia sinuata, Anaceratagallia ribauti, Eupteryx atropunctata, Empoasca decipiens, Psammotettix alienus, Neoaliturus fenestratus, Fieberiella florii and Phlogotettix cyclops). The most abundant four species were E. decipiens, E. rosae, Z. pullula and E. atropunctata in 2024, and Z. pullula, E. decipiens, E. atropunctata, and P. alienus in 2025.
Key words: Auchenorrhyncha fauna, structure, tomatoes crop
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NEW SPECIES HARMFUL TO PLANTS AND PLANT PRODUCTS REPORTED IN ROMANIA
Filofteia Manole, Mariana Adam, Mariana Simona- Şerban, Daniela Mincă, Adela Ștefan,Luminița Zaharia, Claudia Costache, Aurelian-Marian Coman, Mirela Cean*
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.05
Abstract: The following six exotic species have not previously been officially recorded in Romania: Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (Jones, Lacy, Bouzar, Stall & Schaad) Constantin, Cleenwerck, Maes, Baeyen, Van Malderghem, De Vos, Cottyn, X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans (Jones, Lacy, Bouzar, Stall & Schaad) Constantin, Cleenwerck, Maes, Baeyen, Van Malderghem, De Vos, Cottyn, Grapevine flavescence doreé phytoplasma, Pseudodendrothrips mori (Niwa), Physoderma maydis (Miyabe) Miyabe, Sclerophthora macrospora (Saccardo) Thirumalachar, C.G.Shaw & Narasimhan, Cercospora kikuchii (Matsumoto & Tomoyasu) Gardne and Cryptostroma corticale (Ellis & Everhart) Gregory & Waller. This article discusses the initial detection, distribution, life cycle and host plants of the species listed above, which were detected between 2021 and 2025.
Keywords: quarantine pest, regulated non-quarantine pest, detection, host plants.
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COMBATTING FORMS OF RESISTANCE OF DOWNY MILDEW - Plasmopara viticola
Marian Lixandru, Sergiu Fendrihan
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.06
Abstract: Grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, is the most damaging disease of grapes globally. Although the management of this disease involves the application of fungicides during the growing season, the resistance developed often makes chemical treatments ineffective. Most studies refer to combating the pathogen during the plant's growing season, although it continues to evolve during the vegetative rest period of the grapevine crop, in the leaf debris in the soil. In this study, laboratory research methods were used, as well as field research methods on the experimental plot. Five experimental variants and a control were used. Following the experiments carried out, it was found that the most effective variant was the 4-cymoxanil + copper hydroxide variant (13.33% attack degree). The aim of the experiments was to combat overwintering resistance forms of P. viticola in order to reduce the number of treatments during the growing season.
Key worlds: downy mildew, resistance forms, chemical control, biological control.
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: FROM EUROPEAN REGULATION TO FARMERS’ ADOPTION
Daniel-Nicolae Cojanu, Oana-Alina Boiu-Sicuia, Maria-Cristina Lumînare, Ana-Cristina Fătu, Raluca Gabriela Georgescu, Călina Petruța Cornea
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.07
Abstract: The increasing emphasis on sustainability and reduced chemical dependency in agriculture has brought renewed attention to biological control as a viable alternative for crop protection. This review outlines the historical evolution of biological control, tracing the shift from early empirical practices to modern approaches informed by scientific research, the development of biopesticides, and the growing understanding of their ecological roles in sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the paper examines the European regulatory framework, global market trends, and farmers’ perceptions regarding the adoption of bio-based products. Despite significant progress in research, innovation and policy support, the adoption of biological control agents remains uneven across regions, limited by economic constraints, regulatory complexity and insufficient awareness. Strengthening farmer education, harmonizing regulations and promoting applied innovation are key steps toward broader implementation and a more sustainable agricultural future.
Keywords: biological control, biopesticides, EU regulations, farmer.
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EFFECTS OF BOTANICAL AND COMMERCIAL SEED TREATMENTS ON GERMINATION AND EARLY SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT IN MAIZE, SUNFLOWER AND OILSEED RAPE
Maria-Cristina Lumînare, Daniel Nicolae Cojanu, Mihaela-Monica Dinu, Ana-Cristina Fătu
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.08
Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of selected biological and commercial seed treatment products on seed germination and early radicle development in maize (Zea mays), oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) under controlled laboratory conditions. Treatments included a plant-based decoction applied at different concentrations, commercial formulations containing methyl anthranilate (Repel Aves) and terpenoid compounds (Requiem Prime) as well as a vacuum-assisted application method with untreated seeds used as controls. Across all crops and treatments, final germination percentages remained high and comparable to the control, generally ranging between 92.5 and 100%, indicating no adverse effects on seed viability at the tested concentrations. In maize, vacuum-assisted application of the plant-based decoction did not reduce final germination (76-100%), but significantly inhibited early radicle elongation in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001). In oilseed rape, treatments with Repel Aves and Requiem Prime maintained stable germination levels (≥94%) with only minor and transient delays observed at early evaluation stages. Sunflower seeds showed high germination across all variants, reaching 90-100% by day 5, with no significant effects on radicle growth. These results indicate that the tested biological products and commercial formulations are compatible with seed germination under short-term laboratory conditions. Early radicle growth proved more sensitive than germination to treatment effects, highlighting the importance of including additional growth parameters when evaluating alternative seed treatment strategies.
Keywords: seed germination, maize, sunflower, oilseed rape, botanical decoction, seed treatment.
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EFFECTS OF ADULT DIET ON LONGEVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA AND CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
Mădălina Rădulea, Raluca Gabriela Georgescu, Ionuț Cristian Popa, Maria Iamandei
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.09
Abstract: Adult nutrition is a key factor influencing reproductive performance and survival of predatory insects used in biological control programs. This study evaluated the effects of different adult diets on longevity and reproductive parameters of Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea under controlled laboratory conditions. Longevity, pre-oviposition period, total and daily fecundity and egg viability were recorded over a six-week period. In C. septempunctata, the natural aphid-based diet resulted in significantly higher longevity, fecundity and egg viability compared to all artificial diets. Among artificial treatments, the mixed protein-carbohydrate diet produced intermediate reproductive performance. In Ch. carnea, carbohydrate-based diets enhanced adult longevity, whereas reproductive output and egg viability were maximized under the mixed diet. Protein-only diets supported egg production but reduced survival. The results highlight species-specific nutritional requirements reflecting different trophic strategies. While natural prey remains essential for optimal reproduction in C. septempunctata, balanced artificial diets can represent a practical alternative for mass rearing. For Ch. carnea, mixed protein-carbohydrate diets are recommended to optimize both survival and reproduction.
Key words: Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysoperla carnea, mass rearing program, biological control
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DISEASES INCIDENCE AND THEIR CONTROL IN GRAPEVINE IN DOBROUDJA
Daniel Jalobă, Marga Grădilă, Valentin-Marius Ciontu, Raluca Monica Cristea, Dana Cotigă, Cornelia Dragomir
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.10
Abstract: This study investigates the incidence and control of two major cryptogamic diseases of grapevine, namely powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), in the Dobroudja viticultural region. Assessments were conducted in two vineyards located in Murfatlar (organic system) and Ostrov-Oltina (conventional system). Disease development was assessed visually and microscopically on leaves and grape clusters across key phenological stages. Treatment schemes adapted to the genetic material and applied at critical infection periods showed high efficacy (76.32-89.09%) against both pathogens. Results highlighted an increased pressure of black rot and an earlier onset of powdery mildew infections compared to previous decades. Climatic factors and local inoculum sources strongly influenced disease incidence. The applied control strategies significantly reduced degree of attack and prevented major yield losses. Overall, effective disease management remains essential for sustaining grape wine production in Dobroudja under changing climatic conditions.
Keywords: powdery mildew, black rot, control, treatments
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RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HERBICIDES IN CONTROLLING WEEDS IN WINTER WHEAT AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON YIELD
Marius Bărdaş, Felicia Chețan*, Florin Russu, Alin Popa, Ovidiu Adrian Ceclan,Cornel Chețan, Ioan Gaga
Doi: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.11
Abstract: The study was conducted on winter wheat during the 2024 - 2025 growing seasons, using the Andrada variety developed at S.C.D.A. Turda, characterized by high yield potential and good grain quality. The objective of the experiment was to assess the efficacy of post-emergence herbicides applied individually and in tank mixtures at the early stem elongation stage (BBCH 30 - 32). The trial included eight experimental variants (seven herbicide treatments and untreated control) arranged in three replications. Herbicide application led to a significant reduction in weed density with control levels ranging from 75 - 90% in 2024 and 85 - 95% in 2025. The tested treatments showed high efficacy against major annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds, as well as annual monocotyledonous species. The highest grain yields were obtained in treatments with Provalia herbicide, applied alone or in combination with Broadway Star herbicide and the Vital adjuvant, showing very highly significant differences compared with the untreated control (p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate herbicide strategies based on weed infestation levels, species composition, application timing and local climatic conditions, in order to reduce weed competition and enhance winter wheat productivity.
Keywords: winter wheat, herbicides, weeds, integrated control.
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EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST SALICYLIC ACID TREATMENTS ON THE INDUCTION OF DISEASE RESISTANCE AND QUALITY PRESERVING OF APRICOT DURING COLD STORAGE
Oana Elena Toașcă (Cojocaru), Cristina Petrișor, Viorel Cătălin Oltenacu,Mihai Gîdea
DOI: http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.12
Abstract Apricots are stone fruits, climacteric, that are highly perishable and have a limited storage life after harvest. Effects of salicylic acid (SA) postharvest treatment combined with cold storage on the quality features, fruit decay and antioxidant system of apricot fruits were investigated. Three concentrations of SA (0.5, 1 and 2 mM/L) were applied and apricots were stored at 1°C and 90 % RH for 20 days. Weight loss, acoustic firmness index, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, total phenolics, vitamin C, total carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, fruit decay and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. Our results showed that treatment with SA at 2 mM/L concentration strongly reduces weight loss and the occurrence of fungal decay, and maintain an high content of acid ascorbic, phenolics and carotenoids in fruits after 20 days of cold storage. Also, results showed that maximum antioxidant activity and activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes were found in the fruit treated with 2mM/L SA. The postharvest application of SA in 0.5mM/L concentration had no positive effects on the quality and antioxidant capacity of the apricots during cold storage.
Key words: antioxidant capacity, fruit decay, firmness, soluble solids
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PRELIMINARY STUDY ON PEST AND NATURAL ENEMY IN A VEGETABLE GREENHOUSE, FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI BASED BIOPESTICIDES TREATMENTS
Mihaela Monica Dinu, Maria-Cristina Luminare, Daniel-Nicolae Cojanu, Sorina Dinu, Vasilica Ștefan, Ana-Cristina Fătu
http://www.doi.org/10.54574/RJPP.18.13
Abstract: This preliminary study was conducted to monitor the effects on Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) of an experimental bioproduct, formulated from native Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) entomopathogenic strains, and its impact on beneficial entomofauna within a protected tomato and peppers cultivation system. The experimental bioproduct was formulated using entomopathogenic strains that were passaged through the target host to restore virulence. During the evaluation, N. viridula displayed characteristic symptoms of entomopathogenic infection. These observations were subsequently validated through laboratory diagnostics, confirming the pathogenicity of the applied strains. Furthermore, the study recorded no negative impact on beneficial insect species, suggesting a high degree of selectivity.
Keywords: greenhouse, useful insects, pests, tomato
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